The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of New Jersey

Pursuing A Career And Environmental Engineering - 2118 Words

Pursuing a Career in Environmental Engineering â€Å"I wanted to pursue engineering to make some kind of positive (and hopefully) enduring mark on the world.† (J. Kronberg, Electrical Engineer) For most of us, I would like to say this is also our goal in being engineers. The National Academy of Engineering says, â€Å"Engineering has been defined in many ways. It is often referred to as the ‘application of science’ because engineers take abstract ideas and build tangible products from them.† (Stephan 2) However, engineering is a broad and hard-to-define field of study that helps us solve real life problems. It cannot be reduced to a single definition, but is covered under an umbrella of applying scientific knowledge to help make life better for everyone. Environmental engineering specifically is focused on â€Å"cleaning up environmental contamination, as well as designing sustainable approaches to prevent future contamination.† (16) Some tasks assigned to environmental engineers are providing s afe drinking water, disposing municipal solid wastes, treatment of air pollutants, and designing a sustainable future. Pursuing a career in environmental engineering means you will be working to build a future our grandchildren, and their grandchildren can rely on. There are a lot of skills required to be an engineer that go beyond work in the classroom. Communication is a big part of working in a team and working in a team is essential to the career path of engineering. Other basic skillsShow MoreRelatedFemale Students Pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, Or Mathematics Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesThe number of female students pursuing science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) majors in US colleges has been on the increase, even though male dominance persists, particularly in the upper levels of STEM careers. Male and female students at the elementary, middle, and high school levels leave school equally prepared to pursue STEM majors at the college and unive rsity levels. However, fewer females tend to pursue these majors. Female students are less likely to indicate intentionsRead MoreMy Statement of Purpose: Engineering Management995 Words   |  4 Pagesof Purpose (new text in red) Introduction Chemical engineering fascinated me at an early age, as the transformation of many different, potentially conflicting compounds could be brought together to create entirely new products. 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The National Science Foundation consistently ranks the university as a leader of science, agriculture, engineering and medical research and development. These research activities and programs strengthen academicRead MoreMasters Program : System Control And Mechatronics1082 Words   |  5 Pagesuseless contraptions and in constructing the useful combinations which are in infinite minority. The solutions for creating and analysing are held in Systemic thinking paradigm of the world rather than scientific reductionism. System science and engineering, a multidisciplinary subject provides pivotal solution to many ensuing complex problem that are constituted in many diverse field of study . I aspire to become a Systems engineer and wish to be a part of this new age of systemic perspective, paradigm

Booker T Dubois Compare And Contrast Essay - 1110 Words

Compromise vs. Conflict The stark differences between Booker T Washington and W.E.B. DuBois and their approaches to racism Do you believe that slow and steady wins the race, or that when talking about civil rights the sooner the better? Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois were two very influential people who fought for the rights of African Americans in the late 1880’s to early 1900’s. Although both men were fighting for the same thing, their views on how to approach equality and their personal tactics were very different. There are few similarities between the two, and they often wrote essays debating each other’s viewpoints. However, although different in many ways, they were both extremely important in the fight for civil rights at†¦show more content†¦Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois were extremely different people who had extremely different ideas on how to best tackle racism in America. Booker T. Washington preferred the passive approach, and often told African Americans that they were responsible for amending racism. In his Atlanta Compromise Speech, Booker T . stated â€Å"Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common labour, and put brains and skill into the common occupations of life†¦ It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities.† As Booker T. stated later in his Atlanta Compromise speech, â€Å"The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing†¦ It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercise of these privilege s. The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now isShow MoreRelatedFoundations of Education Study Guide1751 Words   |  8 Pagesearlier schoolbooks were replaced by stories and essays designed to appeal to youthful interest. †¢ The development of secondary schools in the US: -Before the Civil War; lead was taken by states who had been the first to establish systems of common schools. †¢ Significance of the Kalamazoo Case of 1874? -First case in which local government had legal rights to tax citizens to support secondary education. †¢ Compare the ideas of The Committee of Ten vs. the CommissionRead MoreNot Without Laughter Study Guide9912 Words   |  40 PagesSeries: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources. (c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarksRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesrestaurants, theaters, and trains. If blacks were permitted to enter a facility, they had to use a separate entrance and sit in a separate section. Langston became an avid reader. His favorite magazine was Crisis, published by W.E.B. Du Bois, whose essays urged African Americans to preserve their heritage and to reject integration into the white community. Langstons favorite newspaper was the Chicago Defender, which published stories about racially motivated lynchings and other injustices. His favorite

Impact of Social Determinants on African- Americans in US samples for

Question: Discuss About The Impact Of Social Determinants On African- Americans In US? Answer: Introducation: Health is determined by varied factors in an individual in which social (population) determinants are of greater importance because of its direct effect on the people as well as countrys development. The importance of societal- determinants of Health was proposed by Healthy People (2020 AD) in its guidelines by involving develop societal with physical environmental conditions to enhance health for all people as one of its goals (NHMDP, 2011). These social- determinants comprises of the living- conditions where an individual has born, currently lives, grows, learns, works, plays and ages. These determinants are affected by man, money, and materialistic resources as well as its distribution at localized, nationalized and internationalized levels. The alterations in its distribution may lead to inequality, gap with inequity in health- care which is unfair but is avoidable. In 2008, the Commission of WHO on societal- determinants has released a report as closing the gap (inequity) in the generations: to enhance health-equity by controlling the societal- determinants. This is also supported by the National- collaborations (partnerships) for Action to remove health- disparity(2011)as well as National- prevention with health- promotional strategies (2011). The UDHR definition also addresses the importance of social determinants in improving health- outcomes and also specifies that health as well as societal security is fundamental human- right. The developed nations are very worse than poorer nations in developing societal health (Wilkinson, 2010). In 2008, Ramirez states that health- inequalities are large and persistent in United States. He adds that societal factors such as illiteracy, poverty, unequal economic status and racist discrimination, poor housing facilities and gender- discrimination leads to inequality and can minimize the participation of c ommunity in health- care. As per WHOs statement, health involves physical, emotional as well as societal wellbeing with the attainment of fullest health- standards, which is a basic fundamental right of each and every individuals without discrimination of racism, caste, religion, political aspects, societal and economical conditions. Hence, in this essay, racism (societal- determinants- of- health) is selected to show its impact on African Americans. Racism is found to play a greater role in acquiring the physical and psychological issues in African- Americans. This racial discrimination brings a feeling of inferiority or superiority among people and results in hatred of a person on other person based on their color, spoken language, beliefs, customs, birth place and traditional values. In regard to United States Census (2015), nearly 14.8% of the United States population is only Blacks but they have higher mortality rates as compared to other groups with New Jersey as the most racial place (Heinze, 2015, Carrillo, 2016). ThePLOS ONE Journal has also published that Northern New Jersey is more racist than its southern part. In the past 15 years many researches were conducted in regard to impact of racist discrimination on health of African- Americans. Over hundreds of studies were published showing the dangerous effect of racism on the men, women and children of African- Americans. They provide several disturbing findings with one result as provision of inferior health-care to Blacks. In United States, racism not only affects the physical and psychological health but also the societal, economical as well as cultural health of a person. Racist discrimination severely affects the physical health of African- Americans including children. It was found that the mortality with morbidity rates (due to heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes mellitus, increased blood pressure, etc) of African- Americans is significantly higher as compared to others (Heinze, 2015). The life expectancy of Caucasian population was found to be 5 and half times more than that of blacks and the deaths due to chronic disorders were found to be 31% more in Blacks than that of Whites. TheGrios publication of Sanders essay- 2014 (a story of a Black police officer) has also mentioned the localized issues encountered by him because of his black race, which has affected his physical with societal health adversely (Carrillo, 2016). Even racial- discrimination strongly affects the mental health of African- Americans. Pieterse (2012) has conducted a review about the psychological- health of Blacks (African- Americans) and concluded that racism is strongl y related to the psychological- health and also causes increased anxious, depressive and other mental- related features. In 2009, Pascoe also suggested that the racial discrimination brings negative effect on both physical- and psychological- health which again brings negativity about self. This negative image starts from mothers womb affecting the psychological- health of the newborns adversely. Racism affects the societal and cultural health of African- Americans. When societal- constructionist theory is applied to racial- politics in United States, the preference to color of skin and physical appearance is used as a criterion for assigning people to racial groups (Figure:1). This was found as a main mechanism for unequal distribution of resources. The Blacks Americans were noted to be four times poorer than White Americans that again contributes to racism. Sometimes, cultural mistrust is found to be a significant factor in African- Americans who may not understand the need for particular investigations and management modality (Department of health with human- services of United States, 2001) and most of the women of African- Americans were found to die because of breast cancer as compared to White American women, which might be because of cultural mistrust (Gerendi, 2008). Racism also affects the legalized structure, societal and behavioral aspect,humanity andculture of United States. They encounter direct, indirect or institutional discrimination wherever they go (Sue, 2010). Even if equal rules are drawn, this may favor superior race than other races (National- research council, 2004). This discrimination has also lead to wars, robberies, slaveries and legalized codes causing disempowerment in Blacks by underestimating their human identity. Racism affects the economic health of African- Americans and pushes them under other races resulting in physical and psychological ill-health. Racism has a great impact on the car sales, insurance, home- mortgages, medical care, employment (Figure:1, Pager, 2007), housing aspects and even in getting taxis. Roscigno (2007) has analyzed serious claims and found that the discrimination ranges from harassment to exclusion. A report by New Jersey Citizen Action (2005) states that the car dealers has got $339 from blacks (more than whites) from 1993- 2000 (Pager et al, 2008).In 2005, Harris has analyzed the court cases filed for consumer discrimination from 1990 2002 and found that needed goods and services were denied for blacks and Hispanics (such as prolonged waiting time, higher prices, verbal and physical attacks). A study conducted by Williams (2005) implies that there is great variability in lending loans and there is deregulation in banking industry for Blacks and even the subprim e lenders stated that the African- Americans applicants has to pay higher rates, bank fees with closing- balance costs. Tomaskovic (2005)has suggested that African- Americans spend much time in searching for job than other races and even their residential makeup is different from Whites. The US, Department of housing with urban- development has audited Americans houses to measure the discrimination in housing against blacks, Asians, Latinos and Native Americans and found that 1 in 5 Blacks and 1 in 4 Hispanics has experienced adverse treatment during house search (Turner, 2003).These discriminations make them weak both economically as well as physically. By analyzing the impact of racism- (societal- determinant- of- Health), it is clear that racial discrimination brings inequities and inequalities in health- care among African- Americans leading to severe consequences. Even though there are greater advancements in science and technology, these racial and ethnical discriminations were left deep into the minds of people and are highly reluctant to change this attitude and indulge the feeling of one. This decimation has to be eradicated step- by- step from international aspects to national and local levels. Basically, the countrys initiatives taken to reduce the racial discriminations could be more effective only when they are proposed with strict rules. In-order to reduce the racial discrimination, UNESCOhas marked 21st March of every year asInternational- Day for the eradication (elimination) of racial- disparities. It was developed in memory of the adverse events that took place on 21st March, 1960 inSouth Africa (Sharpeville) during which the police have killed the demonstrators those who were protesting against a particular apartheidregime. United Nations has developed the first internationalhuman- rights related instrument named theUniversal- Declarations of human- rights(UDHR) that was taken legally by the United- Nations (UN) general assembly(1948) (UN- platform, 2015). The UDHR states that all the people should be treated with respect and dignity witheconomic and social rights(includingeducational rights) and culturalandpoliticalrights in participating election andcivil liberty . It also indicated that all the people should have equal right with on discrimination of race,color,gender,spoken language,religious aspect, political related aspects and other thoughts,national orsocietalorigin, personal property, place of birth and other status. The first Health- disparities inequalities report (CHDIR, 2011), that was released by CDC (the centre for disease- control with prevention) stated that a notable progress is noted in reducing the gap. By reducing this gap, African- Americans will definitely attain their physical, emotional, societal, cultural and economical health. World Health Organization has taken initiatives to handle the issues in health- inequalities and inequities that arise because of social-determinant of health. It adds that all the Governments are responsible for their peoples health that could be fulfilled only through the implementation of adequate health with societal means (UN- platform, 2015). Improper functioning of health- care systems could be a barrier to health- care and inadequate addressing of racism (societal- determinants) can hold back or reduce the progress of US on globalized health developmental goals. In 2015, the global agenda addresses the connectedness between societal policies with health in various sectors that was stated by the Rio- political declarations on societal- determinants. It has given action- plans to tackle health- inequities as to adopt an improved governance of health with development, promote community- participation in policy developing with implementing processes, reorient the health- care sy stem so as to promote health and minimize health- disparities, strengthen global collaboration with governance and promote accountability and assess health- care progress (Figure:1, WHO, 2016). The implementation of these policies and promoting accessibility to healthy foods, safer water, adequate housing with supporting networks will enhance the health- outcome of US. The health outcomes may not be achieved by just driving action into health- sectors alone but also should indulge actions in other sectors, which in-turn improves health- outcomes that contribute to attaining goals of other sectors. For ex: the healthiest population will improve the overall productivity in economy, promotes employment opportunities that help to minimize poverty as well as improves school attendance. Hence, if racism (societal- determinants- of- health) is controlled, it will not only promote the health of the Nation but also the wealth of the Nation. Reference Carrillo, E. (2016). One of the most racist places Ive ever been: Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved from https://www.abqjournal.com/809301/black-santa-fe-police-officer-calls-city-out-on-its-racism.html CHDIR. (2011). CDC Health Disparities Inequalities Report. Retrieved fromwww.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/chdir/2011/chdir2011.html Gerendi. (2008). Social determinants of black-White disparities in breast cancer mortality: A review. Cancer epidemiology Biomarkers. 17 (11). 2913- 2923 Heinze, J. (2015). And One Of the Most Racist Places in America Is...New Jersey?. Retrieved from https://patch.com/new-jersey/baskingridge/and-most-racist-place-america-iscloser-you-think National Partnership for Action. (2011). HHS Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2011; andThe National Stakeholder Strategy for Achieving Health Equity, 2011. Retrieved from https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/npa National Research Council.(2004). Measuring Racial Discrimination: Panel on Methods for Assessing Discrimination.Washington, DC: Comm. Natl. Stat., Div. Behav. Soc. Sci. Educ., Natl. Acad. Press. New Jersey. Racism in New Jersey: PLOS ONE journal. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/ NHMDP. (2010). Healthy People 2020: An Opportunity to Address Societal Determinants of Health in the U.S: Secretarys Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020 Pager, DandShepherd, H. (2008). The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets. Annu Rev Sociol. 34: 181209. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2915460/ Pager, D. (2007). The use of field experiments for studies of employment discrimination: contributions, critiques, and directions for the future.Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci.609:104133 Pascoe. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta analytic review. Psychology bulletin. 135 (4). 531- 554. Pieterse. (2012). Perceived racism and mental health among Black American adults: A meat analytic review: Journal of counseling psychology. 59 (1). 1- 9 Ramirez, L.K., Baker, E.A. Metzler, M. (2008). Promoting Health Equity: A Resource to Help Communities Address Social Determinants of Health. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention workbook. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthy communitiesprogram/tools/pdf/sdoh- Brennan Roscigno. (2007).The Face of Discrimination: How Race and Gender Impact Work and Home Lives. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Siegelman, P. (2005). The evolution of employment discrimination law in the 1990s: a preliminary empirical investigation.Handbook of Employment Discrimination Research.Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 261284. Sue, D.W. (2010). Microagressions in everyday life: Race, gender and sexual orientation. Hoboken, NJ. John Wiley and sons The National Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy.(2011). The National Prevention Strategy: Americas Plan for Better Health and Wellness. Retrieved from https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/initiatives/prevention/strategy/ Tomaskovic. (2005). Race and the accumulation of human capital across the career: a theoretical model and fixed-effects application:Am. J. Sociol.111: 5889. Turner.(2003). Discrimination in Metropolitan Housing Markets: National Results from Phase 2Asians and Pacific Islanders.Dep. Hous. Urban Dev. Retrieved from https://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/phase2_final.pdf U.S. department of health and human services. (2001). Mental health: culture, race and ethnicity: A report to the surgeon general. Rockville. MDL. UN- platform. (2015). Health in the post-2015 development agenda: need for a social determinants of health approach: Joint statement of the UN Platform on Social Determinants of Health US census report. (2015). Frequently requested statistics forNew Jersey-Census. gov. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/34 WHO. (2016). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/sdh_definition/en/ Wilkinson, R., Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level: Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York: Bloomsbury Press. Williams. (2005). The changing face of inequality in home mortgage lending.Soc. Probl.52 (2):181208.